Television apparatus



July 30, 1940. A, zlLLGER TELEVISION APPARATUS Original Filed Dec. 23,1955-. 9 Sheets-Sheet l ATTOR N EYS July 30, 1940. A' Z|| GER 2,209,439

TELEVIS ION APPARATUS Original Filed Deo, 23, 1933 9 Sheets-Sheet 2ATTORN EYS Original Filed Dec. 23, 19,33 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEYS July30, 1940. A, zlLLGER TELEVISION APPARATUS Original Filed Deo. 23, 1933 9Sheets-Sheet 4 A INVENTOR B Y Q 5mm f' AT1-ORN EYS LNd .IOS

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July so, 1940.

ATTORN EYS July 30, 1940. A. zlLLGER TELEVISION APPARATUS 1955 9Sheets-Shea?l 6 Original Filed Dec. 23

,0 205 zal? INVENTOR Z/LGf/P APA/0 BY M VWA ATTORNEYS A* ZILLGERTELEVISION APPARATUS July 30, 1940.

Original Filed Deo.

23, 1933 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR AAP/V0 Z/ 65? ATTORNEYS July 30,1940. A, zlLLGER TELEVISION APPARATUS f 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 Original FiledDeo. 23, 1933 NNN.

www @www mvENToR Afm/0 Z/Leff? ATTORNEY 5 July 30, 1940.

A. ZILLGER TELEVISION APPARATUS Original Filed Dec. 23, 1953 9Sheets-Sheet 9 R Du 3 ,vm m@ im N R ww. m @fwn N ,www 5 Patented July30, 1940 y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TELEVISION APPARATUS poration ofDelaware Application December 23, 1933, Serial No. 703,790 RenewedDecember 19, 1939 10 Claims.

This invention relates to television apparatus and particularly to amachine for translating the picture and sound on a motion picture nlminto electrical impulses. 5" One of the objects of the invention is toprovide a simple and effective machine for this purpose.

Another object of the invention is to provide a pictrue and soundtranslating machine which will pick-up both the picture and sound with aminimum of distortion.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel and highlyeiiicient picture scanning device.

Another object of the invention is to provide a picture and sound motionpicture apparatus in which the film is moved through both the pictureand sound reproducing devices by a single driving means.

Another object of the invention is to provide a simple framing devicefor a motion picture scanner.

Other objects of the invention and objects relating particularly to theconstruction and ase 25 sembly of the various parts will. be apparent asthe description proceeds.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational View of a machine embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of the mid-portion of themachine with the doors open or removed;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of the machine with the upper castingremoved, the View being taken n the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a plan View of a portion of the ma" chine showing theprinciple of the picture scanning device;

Fig. 5 is a rear sectional view of the machine taken on the line 5--5 ofFig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a front view partly in section of the film controllingmechanism for the picture scan-- ning device taken on the line tn-B ofFig. 2;

Fig. '7 is a rear sectional elevational view of the machine taken on theline 'l-l of Fig. 2 and showing the film steadying mechanism:

Fig. 8 is a side elevational view of a portion of the machine taken onthe line 8-8 of Fig. '7;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional rear view taken on the line 9 9 oi Fig.2 and showing the sound reproducing mechanism;

Fig. 10 is a side elevational view of the i'llm drum supporting andadjusting mechanism taken onthe line Ill-lll of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is an enlarged rear sectional view of the iilm scanningmechanism taken on the line H-ll of Fig. 2;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary plan View of the lm scanning mirror wheel;

Fig. 13 is a perspective View of one of the tiny mirrors used in themirror wheel;

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary sectional view through the rim of the vmirrorwheel taken on the line l-ll of Fig. 12;

Fig. 15 -is a sectional elevational view of the light source and opticalsystem for the i'llm scanning device;

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatical view of a modiiied arrangement of the lightcell and associated apparatus;

Fig. 1'? is a diagramma-tical View of the parts of a modified form ofscanning system;

Fig. 18 is a diagrammatical view of still another form of scanningsystem;

Fig. 19 is a vertical sectional View of a horizontal framing device forthe machine; and

Fig, 20 is a diagrammatical elevational view of a machine equipped withseparate driving mo tors for the various parts.

Broadly the invention comprises a means to scan a motion picture film insuccessive lines and to take the sound from the sound track thereof asthe lm moves at a steady continuous rate through the machine. Thescanning is accomplished by projecting light rays through a very thinline of the iilrn and redirecting the rays by the system of movingmirrors into a lightsensitive cell. The sound is picked. up in the usualmanner by directing the light through the film in a thin line andcausing such light io fall upon another light-sensitive cell.

One manner of scanning the nlm which may be the preferred form isillustrated in Fig. 4 in which the film I9 is moved continuously past athin slot Il which extends transversely of the :film and has a widthcorresponding to the width of one of the scanning lines. Parallel lightrays indicated at l2 pass through the nlm and slot I! and areintercepted by tiny mirrors I3 which are mounted on a wheel I4. Themirrors are spaced apart suiiiciently so that one mirror at a time willpass through the rays of light corning through the slot Il. The mirrorsi3 redirect the light rays, which assume a density corresponding to thedensity of the lm through which they pass, to the lens l5 which in turncones-)n trates the rays upon the light-sensitive element I6 of alight-sensitive cell Il. When one mirror .has cut through the strip oflight and passes out at the far side another mirror is ready to cut it asecond time, but by this time the film is moved downwardly a `distanceequal to the width of one line of the film and hence the second mirrorscans the second line. This process is continued until one picture onthe film has been completely scanned whereupon the same thing occurswith respect to the successive pictures. After passing the slot wherethe picture is scanned the film passes through mechanism to behereinafter described for reproducing the sound from the sound track.

Referring to Fig. 1 of. the drawings the machine comprises a basecasting IB having legs I9 provided preferably with cushioned feet 26 andmade adjustable in length by means of a split sleeve 2i attached to thebase I8 andin which the leg I9 is slidable. The casting I8 extendsupwardly with a central web member 20a and a forwardly extending arm 26and is provided with a fiat plate 2| on the top thereof forming asupport for the other parts of the machine.

The main casting 22 rests upon the plate 2I and contains the soundreproducing mechanism as well as the driving shafts for the moving partsof the machine. The casting 22 comprises a box-like structure somewhatrectangular in shape and provided with a fiattened upper edge 23 uponwhich rests the upper casting members 24 and 24a. The casting member 24supports g the film scanning wheel I4 and acts as a cover for theforward part of the gear box while the casting member 24a is a box-likestructure carrying the light source, and various optical systems. Thiscasting is also provided with a flattened upper edge 25 upon which reststhe upper casting 26 carrying the upper lm reel.

Referring now more specifically to the main casting 22 this comprisesseveral compartments for housing various parts of the apparatus. Asviewed in the plan view of Fig. 3 a light compartment 21 is situated atthe lower left hand corner of the ligure and is adapted to house theexciter lamp 28 for the sound reproduction. A

f wall 29 separates this compartment from the film drum compartment 30through which the film passes and in which is positioned thelightsensitive cell 3l for picking up the sound. Still farther forwardof this compartmentv and separated from it by the wall 32 is the gearcompartment 33 which extends clear across the front or right end of thecasting and rearwardly on the far side of the sound compartment 36 andthe light compartment 21, these compartments being respectivelyseparated therefrom by means of walls 34 and 35. Still anothercompartment 36 is provided in the forward end of the casting, toward theobserver looking at Figs. 1, 2 and 3, formed by an extension 34 of thecasting provided with an open slanting face 35a. upon which may beattached a plate 36 for holding various electric devices such asswitches for controlling the apparatus.

Another extension 31 is attached to the plate 2| on the base casting andalso to the main casting 22 and forms the base for an electric motor 38which is preferably of the synchronous type and in the present instanceadapted to run at a speed of 1800 revolutions per minute on 60 cyclealternating current. As shown the motor shaft 39 is provided with afibre gear 46 on the end thereof which meshes with an internal gear 4Iprovided on a circular plate 42 attached to a shaft 43 (Fig. 3). Asuitable guard44 may be provided around the gear connection as shown.

The shaft 43 is mounted in ball bearings 45 and 46, the rst secured inthe front wall of the casting 22 and the second mounted just forward ofthe wall 32 forming the rear wall of that portion of the gear box. Asuitable packing ring 41 is provided to prevent any oil which may be inthe compartment 33 from passing out along theshaft 43.

A pinion gear 48 attached t0 the 'shaft 43 at about its midpoint mesheswith a larger gear 49 mounted on an auxiliary driving shaft 50 which ismounted in the gear box between a ball race 5| near the front wall and asecond ball race 52 mounted near the rear end of the casting just beyondthe. exciter lamp compartment.

A spiral gear 53 is also mounted on the shaft 43 at a point nearthepinner end thereof and this gear meshes with a second spiral gear 54mountedon a vertical spindle 55. The spindle 55 is mounted in the uppercasting 24 and has its lower end mounted in a ball race 56 attached to adownwardly extending memberl 51 formed integral with the casting 24,whilethe upper end is mounted in a ball race 51a held in the upper faceof the casting 24. The spindle 55 supports the mirror wheel I4.

The shaft 50 is made a trifle larger in diameter than the shaft 43adjacent the gear 49 but tapers down to a smaller cross sectionaldiameter towards the rear portion thereof. At a little less than halfway to the rear of the shaft 50 is mounted a spiral gear 58 which mesheswith a larger spiral gear 5'9 keyed upon a sleeve 60 and held thereon bya second external sleeve 6I.

The sleeve 60 is rotatably'mounted upon an inner sleeve 63 which extendscompletely through the gear compartment and is rigidly secured by meansof bolts 64 passing through a flange 65 on the inner end of the sleeveand securing it tothe wall member 34 through which it passes. 'I'heouter ends of the sleeves 68 and 6I pass through a hole 66 in the wall61 of the casting and a suitable packing ring 68 is provided forpreventing any leakage of oil. The sleeves 60 and 6I extend slightlybeyond the packing ring 68, the sleeve 66 being slightly longer than thesleeve 6I, and upon the end'of the sleeve 60 is positioned a disc 69,secured to the sleeve and provided with a plurality of pins 1I!extending a sh'ort distance therefrom.

Inside of the bearing sleeve 63 I provide a shaft 1I which is rotatablymounted in the sleeve and has a plate I2 of about the same diameter asthe plate 69 mounted upon the end thereof. The plate 12 is provided withan extended sleeve or hub 13 which is rigidly secured to the shaft 1I bymeans of the pin 14. The end of the sleeve 63 extends outwardly beyondthe wall -61 and also beyond the end of the sleeve 66 which supports theplate 69, this latter distance being suliicient to provide space betweenthe plate 69 and the plate 12 for shock absorbing springs 15. The sleeve60 is provided at its inner end with a shoulder 16 against which thegear 59 abuts and this gearis held in place by the sleeve 6I which is inturn held by the plate 69 at its opposite end. The sleeve 63 is alsoprovided with a shoulder 11 against which the inner end of the sleeve6I) abuts and the sleeve 60 is held in place by means of a washer 18secured by a ring 19 fastened to the sleeve 63 by means of a spring clip89 which extends into a recessin thesleeve as shown clearly in Figs. '1and 8.

A plurality of pins 8I are mounted on the plate 12 and extend inwardlyspaced from the center the same distance that the pins 10 are spaced.The springs 15 connect the pins 8| with the pins 10, as clearly shown inFig. 8, so that the plate 12 is driven from the plate 69 through theresilient springs 15. They wheel 82 is bolted by the stud bolts 83 tothe plate 12 and is provided with an inwardly extending rim 84 whichcovers the plates 12 and 69 although of course being spaced from thelatter to permit free relative movement therebetween. A guard 82a may beprovided. surrounding the fly wheel.

From this construction it will be seen that the gear 59, being drivenfrom the spiral gear 58 and shaft 50, rotates the plate 69 through thesleeves 60 and 6| vand thereby drives the plate 12 and fly wheel 82through the resiliency of the springs 15. Inasmuch as the fly wheel andplate 12 are attached to the shaft 1| the shaft is also rotated by the ywheel which in turn rotates a iilm sprocket 85 which is mounted upon theinner end thereof. The sprocket 85 is so positioned on the shaft that italigns itself with the strip of lm I which it draws through the machine.The shaft 1| is prevented from moving outwardly with respect to thesleeve 63 by a smaller sleeve 80 which is pinned to the shaft adjacentthe sprocket.

In the same compartment 30 for the sound reproduction I provide a drum90 at the center of which is mounted thelight-sensitive cell 3| andaround which the film is drawn when the sound is taken from the soundtrack thereof. An enlarged section of this drum is shown in Fig. 9.

This drum is provided with a rim 9| having the outer portion 92 ofslightly less diameter than the inner portion 93. The portion 92 is justlong enough to permit the lm I0 to lie snugly around it with the soundtrack 94 thereof extending outwardly over the edge of the drum thuspermitting light to be projected through the sound track withoutinterfering with the drum. 'I'he portion 92 is also made with a slighttaper, being larger in diameter at the inner shoulder than it is at theouter edge, thus imparting to the film a tendency to lie snugly againstthe shoulder as it passes around the drum in the same manner that a beltrides to the point of largest diameter on the pulley. The rim 9% isprovided preferably with a taper 95 on the inner edge of the rimadjacent the side over which the hlm extends so that the edge of thedrum is relatively thin where it contacts with the film.

The drum is provided with an inwardly extending web- 90 at about thecenter of the rim which is formed integral with a sleeve 91 extendingslightly beyond the inner edge of the drum. This sleeve is mounted forrotation in a bearing sleeve 98 the outer end of which bears against oneside of the web 96 thus limiting the movement of the sleeve 91 into thesleeve 98. The sleeve 98 is provided with a conically tapered portion 99which terminates in a supporting sleeve |00 which is adapted to snuglylit into a tubular opening |0| formed in an outwardly extended portiono1- the casting member 22. An inner wall 22a. separates the opening |0|from the interior of the gear box.

A slightly reduced portion |03 of the sleeve |09 is threaded into atapped portion |90 of the hole |0| so that the sleeve i90 may be screwedintov position in the hole l0! and its axial position'in the soundreproducing compartment may, therefore, be determined by the rotation ofthe sleeve |90 in the tapped hole.

In order to lock the sleeve |00 in a desired`position in the castingWall |02 I provide a plurality of laterally extending grooves in theextreme end of the sleeve |00, one of which is adapted to be engaged bya lug |06 extending from the inner edge of a washer ||1 adapted to slipover the end of the sleeve |330. The washer is prevented from turning bymeans of a screw |98 which passes through a hole |39 in a lug H0extending from the outer edge of the washer |01 and is threaded into atapped hole Misa. in the extension |02. An additional hole Ill may beprovided in the lug H0, spaced from the hole |99 a distance equal toone-hal the distance between two of the grooves H95, so that not only isit possible to rotate the sleeve E00 in stepped position depending onthe spacing of the grooves |05 but the distance between steppedpositions may be halved by shifting the screw from the hole |09 to thehole i. By this construction it is possible to get very delicateadjustment with respect tothe axial positioning of the drum in the soundreproducing compartment.

In order to hold the drum in position in the sleeve 98 and also tosupport the light-sensitive cell 3l I provide another sleeve M2 whoseouter diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the drumsleeve 91. This sleeve ts inside of the sleeve 91 and is provided with arim i3- on its outer end which is somewhat larger in diameter and theinner face of which is adapted to contact with the outer side of thedrum webI 953. The rim i i3 thus holds the drum in position at the sametime permitting rotation thereof.

The sleeve H2 similarly to the sleeve 98 is provided with a conicalportion H which conforms to the conical portion 99 of the sleeve 98 andis spaced slightly from it. A long sleeve H5 is formed integral with theconical portion and terminates flush with the end of the sleeve |00. Thesleeve i i5 fits snugly within the sleeve |00 so that it may be merelypushed into position with the desired frictional contact against the web96 of the drum 99, and it may be held in position by means of cap screwsH9 threaded radially into holes M1 provided in the end of the sleeve|00, there being a reduced portion H8 in the end of the sleeve H5 toreceive the ends of the screws. By loosening the screws relativemovement between the sleeves H5 and |00 may be had so that the positionof the sleeves with respect to each other may be changed both rotatablyand axially.

Within the sleeve i2 I provide a socket I9 for the photo-electric cell3|. This socket i9 may be similar to any standard socket for a twoterminal electron device and is shown in this instance as comprising aninsert |29 of Bakelite or other insulating material tted securely intothe sleeve ||2 in which is embedded spring clips |2| and il?! forcontacting with the terminals |23 and im respectively. of thephoto-electric cell 3|.

For making the connections to the cell I have conveniently used a singleinsulated wire |25 provided with a wire mesh shield |26 and haveconnected the shield to the spring clip |22 which connects in this caseto the negative terminal of the cell, while the wire proper |25 connectsto the clip |2| which is connected to the anode terminal |23 of thecell. The rotatable adjustment of the sleeve l5 permits the rotatableadjustment of the cell. A metal shield |21 having a suitable opening|21a in one side thereof to permit the entrance of the modulated lightmay be positioned with frictional engagement within the sleeve ||3 andheld against rotation by a pin |28 mounted in a rim |29 on the shield.

The exciter lamp 28 is mounted within the compartment 21 in a socket |30which may bey supported in an adjustable bracket |3| which is soarranged that the lamp may be raised or lowered or moved axially.

The compartment 21 is provided with a door |40 preferably hinged at thetop at |4| and provided at the bottom with a knurled headed screw |4|afor locking the door in closed position. The door may have an ammeter|42 mounted thereon which may be suitably connected in series with theexciter lamp so that the current flowing therein may at all times beascertained.

In the Wall 29 between the exciter lamp compartment and the Soundcompartment 30 is provided an opening |43 in which is positioned theoptical system |44. This optical system may be similar to that used forsound-on-fllm reproduction and is thought not necessary to describehere. The function of the optical system is of course to concentrate thelight from the exciter lamp through a very ne line |45 in the lm soundtrack on to the light-sensitive cell. The optical system may besupported on a suitable bracket |46 which is provided with means topermit focusing of the optical system by means of the screws |41;

The film enters the sound reproducing compartment from an opening |50 inthe top and passes over the drum 90 in a counterclockwise directioncoming up to a point even with the centerline of the drum and thenpassing over the sprocket in a clockwise direction and then out throughan opening |5| in the bottom of the casting where it is wound upon areel in a manner to be hereinafter described. In order to hold the lm onthe sprocket 85 I provide an auxiliary roller |52 which is adapted tocontact with the lm at the upper side of the sprocket 85 and is gentlyurged against it. To permit this pressure and also to permit removing ofthe roller |52 for inserting the lm, the roller is rotatably mountedupon an arm |53 which is pivoted upon a pin |54 threaded into the wallof the casting. The spring |55 vanchored to a lug |56 on the front wall32 bears against the bracket |53 so as to urge it in a counterclockwisedirection which presses the rollerv against the sprocket. The spring |55is so positioned that the bracket may be moved manually away from thesprocket whereby the end of the spring will pass over the corner of thebracket and hold it in its separated position.

I also provide a guard |51 underneath the sprocket formed of a piece ofsheet metal and having an edge |58 which is positioned closely adjacentto the sprocket at the point where the film leaves it so that in casethe film sticks to the sprocket it cannot be drawn around it.

AI door |59 may be provided for the sound reproducing compartment sothat the compartment is completely closed when in operation to excludedust and light. As shown a boss |60 is provided on the upper right handcorner to provide an integral cavity for housing the outer end of thepivoting screw 54. The door is preferably hinged at the left side by thehinge |6| and a locking knob |62 may be turned to lock it in its closedposition.

The upper casting 24 contains the forward compartment |63 which forms acover for the gears in the gear box compartment 33 ofthe lower casting22. The rear upper casting 24a forms a cover plate for a portion of thegear box in the lower'casting and is separated by the wall |64 intotworear compartments |65, to accommodate additional driving parts, and |66through which compartmentthe lm passes and is sultably iummnated.`

An auxiliary shaft |61 is vertically `mounted for rotation in suitablebearings |68 and |69 at the top vand bottom of the casting just belowwhich the lower end ofthe shaft protrudes.

A spiral gear |10 iskeyed to the lower end of the shaft. The gear |10meshes with the small spiral gear |1| mounted on the shaft 50'adjacentthe rear end thereof, and the shaft |61 is thus driven from theshaft'50. At the top of the shaft |61and above the bearing |68 ispositioned a worm wheel |12 which meshes with a worm |13 attached to ashaft |14 mounted at rightV angles to the shaft |61 for rotation in abearing member |15 secured in an opening in the wall |64. A sprocket |16is attached to the end of the shaft |14 and is, therefore, positioned inthe compartment |66 and serves as a drive to pull the film l0 so as tounwind it from its reel |11 which is supported for substantially freerotation in the upper reel housing |18 mounted on top of the casting24a. The reel housing is supported upon the cover plate 26 which issuitably bolted to the casting 24aand which is provided with a slot |80'through which the film may be drawn into the compartment |66. t 4

An idler roller |8| is mounted just forward of the sprocket |16 and thelm passes downwardly in a clockwise direction over this roller before itrides over the sprocket in a counterclockwise direction. The film isheld on the sprocket |16 by means of a roller |82 mounted on a pivotedbracket |83 which is urged towardsthe sprocket lfsmeans of a spring |84mounted on a bracket The lm then passes over an auxiliary roller |86which is rotatably mounted in a suitable lilm guide |81 which guides thefilm past the forward opening slot formed in a plate |88 attached to thefront wall of the casting and shown best in Fig. 6. The film guide |81may be similar1 to va guide used in an ordinary picture projector beinghinged at the far side so that it may be opened for the insertion of thefilm and being provided with a catch |88 for locking it in it's closedposition.

Another auxiliary roller |89 is positioned below the film guide 81 andis rotatably mounted by means of a pin |90 upon a vertically movablemember |9| being guided in its vertical move'-l ment by a portion |92 ofthe casting on one side and the edges of two plates |93 and |94 on theother side. An arm |95 is attached to the member |9| and extendsvertically upward its upper end being provided with rack teeth |96. Aspindle |91 provided with a manually operable arm |98 extending at rightangles thereto is rotatably mounted in bearing members |99 and 200 onthe front of the casting 24a above the casting 24 and also above theslot plates |88 and has its end provided with gear teeth 20| which meshwith the rack teeth |96 to raise and lower the arm |95 when the spindle|91 is rotated. Raising or lowering the arm |95 raises or lowers theroller |89 thus raising or lowering the relative position of the lm withrespect to the` slot This frames the picture. l

In order to permit the relative movement of the i'llm in this manner andalso to' allow for, shrinkage or expansion of thev film betweentldriving sprocket 85 and the driving sprocket |16 I provide the film witha loop 202 between the sprocket |16 and the roller |80. This loopbecomes larger when the roller |89 is moved upwardly and smaller when itis moved downwardly.

The casting 22a has an extended portion 203 just in front of the roller|89 forming a compartment 294 in which is mounted an idler roller 205shown in Figs. 2 and 9. This roller is mounted on a pin 200 which isthreaded into a boss 201 formed in the wall of the casting. The lmpasses under the framing roller |89 which turns in a counterclockwisedirection and up and over the roller 205 in a clockwise directionpassing downwardly through the opening |50 in the top wall of thecasting 22 directly into the sound compartment 30 where it passes overthe drum 90 in a manner already described.

The mirror wheel I4 for scanning the picture lines is mounted on theupper end of the shaft 55. The shaft extends upwardly through an opening208 in the top of the casting 24 ln which opening the ball race 51a issupported. A dishshaped housing member 209 is secured by stud bolts 2I0to the casting 2/4 and has an opening 2II to permit the passage of theshaft therethrough and to also receive a packing ring 2| 2 forpreventing leakage of oil out of the casting 24. The packing ring 2I2 issuitably held by bolts 2I3 which, together with the bolts 250, may belocked against turning by the wires 2|4.

The mirror wheel I4 comprises a disc having a hub member 2I5 which iskeyed to the end of the shaft and held thereon by a suitable nut 2 I5.Thetapered web portion 2I1 extends outwardly terminating in a rim 2|0provided with upper and lower circular grooves 2 I9 and 220. The rim 2|8is also provided with al plurality of slots 22| which extend completelythrough Athe rim parallel to the axis of the wheel but having an angularrelation to radial lines through the wheel. Each slot has the same anglewith respect to a radial line drawn through its intersection with theouter circumference of the rim as all of the other slots.

The mirrors are formed of a plurality of strips 222 of stainless steelor other suitable material which have narrow central portions 223, equalin width to the thickness of the rim 2 I8 between the two grooves, whileits ends 224 and 225 may be any suitable width but are shown in thepresent construction as being equal in width to the thickness of the rim2IB. The tip end 225 of the portion 225 is ground and polished to forman accurate mirror with high reflecting character- Istics. These strips222 are inserted in the slots 22| and are locked in position by means oftwo rings 221 and 223 which fit into the grooves 2I9 and 220respectively and are held securely therein by means of screws 229 whichpass through countersunk holes provided for them in the ring 221 andthrough holes 230 in the rim 2|0 and are threaded into tapped holesprovided for them in the lower ring 2.28.

The dish-shaped cover plate 23| may be positioned over the mirror wheelI4 and is adapted to fit the outer circumference of the housing member209 and may be secured thereto by suitable bolts 232, (Fig. 2). Both ofthe housing members 209 and 23| may be provided with openlings 233through which the light from. the slot II may pass' to the mirrors andout again to the light-sensitive cell I1.

The winding reel housing 234 is mounted on the lower casting andcontains a rotatable shaft 235 which is mounted ina suitable bearing andextends through to the opposite side of the machine where it is providedwith a slip pulley 238 which is in turn rotated by a belt 23? (see Figs.1, 5 and 8). The belt 231 passes over the second |pulley 238 rotatablymounted on a smaller shaft Rotation of the shaft 50 rotates the pulley'238 through the spiral gears 2115 and 244 and thus drives the windingreel by means of the belt 231. The slip of the winding reel is permittedto allow for the change in speed as the lm winds up and for this purposethe usual slip clutch 206 may form part of the pulley 238.

The casting 24| containing the gears for the machine is preferably lledwith grease. Thus the bearings 45 and 46 for the main shaft and thebearings 5I and 52 for the long auxiliary shaft 59 as well as the gearsconnected to these shafts work in grease which also tends to lubricatethe bearings of the Vertical shaft |01. The upper bearing of the shaft55 may be independently lubricated through a short pipe 241 whichccmmunicates with a duct 228 leading into a space adjacent the bearing.The shaft EM carrying the upper driving sprocket |15 may be lubricatedthrough an oil hole 249 which may be reached through an opening 250immediately above it.

It will be noted that the bearing sleeve 03 for the flywheel mechanismextends from the sound compartment 30 through the gear box compartment33 and out the opposite side of the casting. A hole 25| in the outersleeve 6I communicates with a hole 252 in the sleeve 59 so thatlubricant can reach the bearing surface between the sleeve 60 and themain bearing sleeve 63. Suitable oil rings 63a on the main bearingsleeve 63 carry the lubricant in both directions and a hole 253 in thesleeve B3 permits it to reach the bearing surface between the shaft 1Iand the bearing sleeve 02. Internal oil grooves 53a on the sleeve 53insure lubrication of the shaft. The sleeve Gi may also be provided withan cil throwing ring G2 which prevents oil from passing through theopening 66.

In a similar manner the bearings for the sound drum are lubricated. Ahole 254 in the sleeve I02a which extends from the inner to the outerwall of the casting permits lubricant to drop into a duct 255 in thesleeve which circles the sleeve and communicates through a hole 25d tothe space 251 between the sleeve |99 and the sleeve II and between theconical portions 99 and I4. The lubricant flows through this space tothe inner bearing surface of the sleeve flows inside of the sleeve 91 ofthe drum 90 to the outer bearing surface of the web 99 so that all thebearing surfaces of the drum are lubricated. Other moving parts of theapparatus may be oiled with lighter machine oil if found desirable.

One means by which the mirror wheel is made to pick up the successiveelements of the picture line and send them to the light cell is byproviding parallel rays as indicated at Fig. 4 to project through theslot |I. these parallel rays is illustrated in Fig. 15. Here a lightsource 258, which may be any suitable projecting lamp such as anincandescent lamp or an arc lamp', is provided with a reiiector 259 anda condensing lens 260 which condenses all of the light down to justcover a tiny aperture 26| in a It also One means of producing metalplate 262. An objective 263 on the opposite side of the plateparallelizes all of the rays from the aperture 26| and directsthemtowards the slot II already referred to. A cylindrical lens 264 ispositioned between the optical system 263 and the slot I I and convergesall of the rays vertically but not horizontally so that they passthrough the slot I I maintaining their vertical planes. Therefore, whilethe rays may spread in a vertical direction on the other side of theslot there is no horizontal spreading so that as the mirror sweepsacross in front of the slot it intercep-ts the light passing through onepoint of the film at a` time.

The spreading of the rays vertically through the slot has an advantagein that the height of the mirrors on the mirror wheel may be greaterthan the width of the slot and more light can therefore be reflected tothe cell.

In order to support the optical system in the machine I provide atubular casting 265 which has a flange 266 for bolting upon the rear endof the casting 24a as with the bolts 2666i. This tubular casting isslightly tapered to receive the tubular end 261 of a lamp housing 268 inwhich the lamp 258 is positioned. The casting 265 is provided with aplate 2,69 which covers its inner opening and has a hole 210 in whichthe optical system 263 may be positioned. A split flange 212 integralwith the plate 269 permits securing the optical system 263 by tighteningthe bolt 213. The optical system 263 may comprise the usual cylinder 214with a double convex lens 215 mounted in each end.

At about the center of the casting 265 I provide a shoulder 218 formedin the interior wall of the casting against which may be secured theaperture plate 262 by the screws 219. The optical system 263 is soadjusted to project the light from the aperture 26| in parallel raystowards the slot II.

In order to converge the parallel rays to just cover the slot I I in thefront of the machine, and thereby save light which would be otherwisewasted, I provide a cylindrical lens 264 which may be mounted in a metalbracket 28| provided for that purpose. This bracket comprises a member282 adapted to t over the end of the optical system 214 and a lenssecuring member 283 which may be urged towards the member 282 by thescrews 284 thus holding the lens securely in position.

The end of the casting 265 may be provided with a split cylindricalmember 285 which may be tightened against the housing extension 261 bymeans of the bolt 286.

The concentrating lens 260 may be mounted in a tubular sleeve 288 whichi'its inside of the lamp extension 261 and this lens picks up the lightcoming from the lamp 258 and the reector 259 and concentrates it on theaperture 26| on the plate 262.

The construction shown permitsv adjusting the lens 260 with respect tothe lamp and the whole lamp housing with respect to the aperture plate262 so that a proper focus of the light upon the aperture may be had. Italso permits the adjustment of the optical system 263 with respect tothe aperture so that the rays from the lamp are lparallelized as theypass through the iilrrr slot. In order to see where the light isproperly focused on the aperture 26| I preferably provide a small window289 of red glass'cemented in an opening 290 provided for that purpose inthe upper wall of the casting 265, so that the aperture in the plate 262may be readily seen by the operator. v p

The lens I5, (see Fig. 4), which may preferably be a cylindrical lens ismounted in a suitable bracket 29| on the upper surface yof the forwardlyextending portion of the casting 24a in the proper position to pick upthe rays from the mirrors, screws 292 being used for that pur pose.

An amplifier 293 may he mounted on an entirely independent support (notshown) and may contain the light-sensitive cell I1 so mounted at thefocus of the lens I5 that it receives the light therefrom. Thus there isno physical connection between the nlm scanning machine and the amplierso that the amplifier may be suitably cushioned to eliminate anypossible vibration of the machine from effecting the tubes thereof.

In making the electrical connections to the apparatus I provide a mainswitch box 294 mounted on the frame to which the alternating currentline is connected. This box is connected by suitable cable to the motorswitch 295 in the plate 36 and to the motor 38. A second switch 296 alsomounted in the plate 36 may serve for the projection lamp which ispreferably operated by direct current in order to insure a steady evenlight.

The exciter lamp for the sound is also preferably lighted by directcurrent and may have its own switch box 291 equipped with a switch 298and rheostat control 299.

With the machine set up as already described a film reel may be insertedin the upper nlm housing |18 and the nlm threaded down through the slot|80, under the auxiliary roller |8I in a clockwise direction, up overthe driving roller |16 in a counterclockwise direction, and down again,forming the loop 202 before it passes over the roller |86 and throughthe lm guide |81 past the slot I I. The lm may then be threaded underthe framing roller |89 in a. counterclockwise direction, over the idlerwheel 205 in a clockwise direction, down through the opening |50, overthe sound drum 90 in a counterclockwise direction, up'over the driveroller 85 in a clockwise direction, down through the opening I5I, andinto the lower reel housing 234 Where it may be wound on the reel 235aprovided for that purpose.

To start the machine functioning the switch 296 is turned on thusenergizing the light 258. 'I'he exciting lamp 28 is also energized bythe switch 298 and theamplier 293 is turned on as is also the soundamplifier which has not been shown but which is connected to the outputof the light-sensitive cell 3|. The motor 38 may then be started bymeans of the switch 295 and the machine starts to operate. Both drivingsprockets |16 and 85 start to rotate so that the lm is drawn through themachine. Inasmuch as the loop 202 is immediately underneath the upperdriving sprocket |16 this sprocket serves only to draw the film out ofthe upper magazine thus unwinding it from the reel. The lower drivingsprocket 85 alone draws the film not only over the sound drum 90 butthrough the film guide |81. Inasmuch as the sprocket 85 is drivenindirectly of the motor by means of the ywheel 82 the nlm is pulled at avery constant speed, any irregularities in the action of the gears beingironed out by the inertia of the flywheel. This insures perfect soundreproduction and maintains a steady speed of the lm pastv the slot wherethe picture is scanned.

As the lm passes the slot I the parallel light rays from lthe lamp 258and associated roptical systems project one line of the picture towardsthe mirror wheel I4 and one of the small mirrors 226 crosses the line ofprojection therefore refleeting that line point by point from left toright through the lens I to the image photo cell II. The photo cell Il'has its characteristics varied by the changes in light intensity fromleft to right ci this picture line and accordingly inuences theamplifier causing a succession of electrical impulses corresponding tothe intensity of the picture Eine to be sent out either by wire or radioto any television receiver which may be arranged to pick up the signal.When the rst line has been scanned as just described the second mirrorcomes into position at the left side of the slot and sweeps across theprojected beam while at the same time the lm is moving downwardly andthus the second line of the picture is scanned. This process-continuesas the nlm continues to move downwardly at a continuous rate and themirror wheel continues to move uniformly. Inasmuch as the film is movingat a continuous speed through the machine the slot I I should beinclined downwardly slightly to the right as viewed in Fig. 6. If thisinclination is correct the right hand end of ythe first line will justarrive at the slot as the mirror reaches that portion thereof. At thistime a second line is just coming into alignment with the left hand endof the slot for the second mirror to pick up. It will be understood thatthe gearing is so designed as to cause this accurate relative movementof the parts.

While the number of lines scanned per picture on the iilm may be more orless arbitrarily chosen I have designed the machine shown and describedto scan 60 lines. The mirror wheel I4 contains 30 mirrors `and hencemust necessarily rotate twice for the complete scanning of one completepicture. The various gear ratios in the driving mechanism are,therefore, so arrangedy that the mirror wheel makes two completerotations whle. the nlm is moving through a distance equal to that fromthe topof one picture to the top of the next-succeeding picture. It isobvious that by changing the gear ratios any number of lines per picturemay be scanned by the mirror wheel.

As the nlm passes around the sound drum Sli in the sound reproducingcompartment 30 it intercepts a very fine beam of light from the `exciterlamp 2S. This beam passing through thesound track on the film in amanner well known in the art affects the light-sensitive cell 3l whichin turn controls the sound amplier and reproduces the sound accompanyingthe picture. The length of the film between the picture slot!! and thepoint on the drum from which the sound is taken is equal to the I4inches usually separating the picture and sound accompaniment on astandard lm so that the machine is adapted to use4 standard film.

Inasmuch as the speed of a standard film to get correct sound is at therate of twenty-four pictures per second the machine must be run at thatrate if standard sound lm is to be used. Considerable televisionexperimentation, however, has been carried on at a speed of twentypictures per second. rAs shown in the drawings the gears Iii and 4Ibetween the motor and main shaft of the machine are designed to give theequivalent speed of twenty pictures per second. If, however, these gearsare removed and the motor lowered slightly and directly coupled to themain shaft the speed will be at the rateof twentyfour pictures persecond.

As the film passes out of the sound compartment through the opening I5Iit winds on the winding wheel 2350i which is permitted to slip as hasalready been described as the diameter of the roll of iilm increases.

Where the machine is used in conjunction with other television scanningmachines and the transmitted picture is observable on a monitorreceiving device it is highly desirable that a framing device beprovided so that when the film scanner is started the framing of thepicture may be adjusted to that of a picture previously sent out, orwhere sections of a film have been joined incorrectly this may becompensated for by the picture framing device. Accordingly, the operatorhas only to swing the lever I98 downwardly or upwardly to move in thesame direction the entire strip of film which is passing slot IIlongitudinally of the film, and the amount of throw is made sufficientso that the picture may be properly framed regardless of its position.The loop E632 at the top of the film permits this movement of hlmwithout causing any change in the speed at which the film is passingthrough the machine or without affecting in any Way the operation of thedriving sprockets.

The above mechanism will adequately take care of framing the picture ina Vertical direction. Framing the picture horizontally is usuallyaccomplished both in a transmitter and receiver by rotating the entiremotor and thus changing the position of the scanning elementhorizontally with respect to the object field of the scanning apparatus.In the present machine rotating the entire motor would also change foran instant the speed of the sound mechanism with resultant distortionsof the sound reproduction. I may find it preferable, therefore, toeliminate the horizontal framing entirely.

However', one form of mechanism for accomplishing this purpose withoutinterfering with the sound is shown in Fig. 19. In this figure the shaft55 is shown provided with a slightly longer spiral gear 305 which mesheswith the gear 48 on the shaft 43. The gear 3D0 has a grooved hub 30| andis splined to the shaft 55 so that the two must rotate together.Movement of the gear 39) along the shaft 55 will cause it to alter itspoint of contact with the gear 48 and as the gears are spiral gears therelative rotational position of the gear 30S with respect to the gear 48will change. This change in the rotational position of the gear 335 willcause a corresponding change in the rotational position of the mirrorwheel at the upper end of the shaft and a corresponding change in theposition of the mirrors with respect to the picture lines on the film.

In order to cause this shifting of the gear 30D i along the shaft 55 Iprovide a bracket 352 having a bifurcated end 303 to engage the grooveon the hub 3m of the gear. The bracket is slidably mounted in a suitablegroove 3D3 in the wall of the casting member 24. A lug 354 on thebracket extends through an opening 3&5 in the casting wall, and a tappedhole in the end thereof is engaged by a screw S rotatably mountedagainst longitudinal movement in a lug 39? formed on the outside of thecasting. A knurled knob 308 on the end of the screw 356 permits itsmanual rotation and causes the entire bracket 302 to slide vertically inthe grooves 303.

In framing the picture horizontally therefore the operator has only torotate knob 308 whereupon the'mirror wheel will change its relativeposition without interfering in any way with the speed of the motor orthe movement of the film through the machine.

. The light cell I1 is preferably mounted in a vertical position withthe lens I5 converging the light upon the light-sensitive elementthereof. Fig. 16, however, shows a modified arrangement in which thelight cell I'I is positioned horizontally and the lens I5 omitted. Thecell is positioned as close as possible to the mirror Wheel and in sucha manner that the light from one of the mirrors as it enters the beam ofparallel rays will project light upon one end of the cell and then thelight will sweep along the cell towards the other end as the mirrormoves across the beam. The arrangement shown in the prior figures may bepreferred because it appears to be difiicult to obtain a light cell withuniform response throughout the length of the light-sensitive element.

While it may be desirable to project the light frominside of the machineto a light-sensitive cell mounted on the outside the reverse can also bedone. In Fig. 17 an arrangement is shown diagrammatically Where alight-sensitive cell 309 l is positioned within themachine adjacent theslot II and preferably a cylindrical lens 3|!) is provided for divergingany light passing through thev slot II upon the cell 309. The mirrorwheel I4 similar to that already described in connection with the otherfigures is positioned similarly with respect to the slot I I andintercepts parallel rays 3II produced by a suitable optical system 3I2similar to that described in connection with the scanning apparatus. Themirrors on the mirror Wheel-pick up the parallel rays and redirectthemthrough the slot Il and film I0, which is `being drawn' past it, andon to the cell 309.

. Fig. 18 shows still another arrangement for operating the mirror wheelwithout the use of parallel rays. Here a large amount of light is thrownagainst the film I by any suitable lighting arrangement and in front ofthe slot II is positioned an optical system 3I3 which projects a virtualimage 3 I4 of the slot and its light values onto a plane along which theedges of the mirror wheel I4 pass. Y The portion of the projected yimagefalling upon one of the mirrors is projected through the lens I to thecell II. Thus the cell I'I' can only receive light from the mirrors asthey pass along the image plane.

As has been mentioned before it is necessary to. move the film throughthe machine at a very constant speed in order to get good soundreproduction and pictures Without distortion. To insure the latter it isalso necessary to rotate the mirror wheel at as constant a speed aspossible. In some instances it may be preferred to eliminate the gearingin the machine by using an independent drive for each driving part ofthe machine. Thus in Fig. 20 the upper film sprocket 3I5 may be drivenby a separate motor 3I6 upon whose shaft the sprocket SI5 is preferablymounted. The lower driving sprocket 3I'I may also be driven by a secondmotor 3I8, while the mirror wheel 3I9 may be driven by a motor 320. Themotors 3I6, 3I8, and 320 are preferably synchronous motors so that theywill run at exactly the right speed and should be electrically connectedto operate simultaneously so that the film driving sprockets will startand stop together.

If desired the entire motor 320 may be bodily rotated to frame thepicture horizontally. One way of accomplishing this is 4to provide abracket 32| in which is mounted a short shaft 322 carrying a worm wheel323 on one end and a rubber tired wheel 324 on the other. The motor 320is mounted in a sleeve 325 and is rotatable therein and the bracket 32!is mounted on the sleeve. The wheel 324 bears against the motor 320through a slot 326. A worm 327 meshing with the wheel 323 is mounted ona shaft 328 which is mounted in the bracket 32! and is provided with aknurled hand Wheel 329 for rotating the shaft. rIhe motor may be thuscompletely rotated and the picture framed.

From the above description it will be evident that I have provided afilm scanning machine which is adapted to pick up both the picture andsound from a standard motion picture film equipped with a sound trackand which is simple to manufacture and assemble and which will operatewith a high degree of efficiency and lends itself to easy handling.

Many changes may be made in the construction of the apparatus withoutdeparting from the spiritof the invention and I do not therefore desireto limit myself to what has been shown and described except as suchlimitations occur in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

l. In a motion picture television transmitting apparatus a picturescanning device comprisingv a light source, a masking plate having athin slot transverse to the film, means to project light from saidsource through said film and said slot, a light sensitive cell, means torefiect the light passing through individual portions of said kslotsuccessively upon said light-sensitive cell, means to guide the filmpast said masking slot, a sound reproducing device comprising means todirect a beam of light in a thin line through the sound track on saidfilm, and a light-sensitive cell adapted to receive the light passingthrough said sound track, means to guide the film through said soundreproducing device, single means to draw said film at a constant speedthrough said apparatus, and means positioned between the slot 1n saidmasking plate and said sound reproducing device and operable while saidmachine is in operation for adjusting the relative longitudinal positionof said film with respect to said masking plate without disturbing themotion of the film past said sound reproducing device.

2. In a motion picture film scanning device a light source, means todirect light from said source through a thin transverse line of saidfilm, a light-sensitive cell on the opposite side of said film,` ascanning element between said film and said light-sensitive cell, meansto draw said lm at a constant speed through said device, means to rotatesaid scanning element at a speed determined by the speed of the filmthrough said device, means to alter the relative position of saidscanning element while the machine is in operation, means to adjust therelative position of said film with respect to the light passingtherethrough. Y

3. In a motion picture film television transmitting apparatus thecombination of a scanmeans at a speed determined by the speed of theiilm through said apparatus, and means to adjust the relative positionof said film scanning device with respect to said film While saidapparatus is in operation.

4. A scanning element for a television transmitter comprising a Wheel, aplurality of mirrors positioned on the periphery of said Wheel andspaced from each other a distance a little less than the Width of thepicture to be scanned, and single means to anchor said mirrors inposition on said wheel, said means comprising a removable ring inengagement With all of said mirrors.

5. A scanning element for a television transmitter comprising a Wheel, arim on said Wheel, a plurality of transverse slots in said rim, a mirrorpositioned in each of said slots, and a ring engaging said mirrors andattached to said rim to lock said mirrors in said slots.

6. A scanning element for a television transmitter comprising a wheel, arim around the periphery of said Wheel, a groove in said rim, aplurality of transverse slots formed in said rim and spaced from eachother at equal distances around the circumference thereof, a pluralityof plates, one positioned in each of said slots, a mirrored surface onthe outer end of each of said plates, each of said plates having acentral portion of reduced cross-section equal in length to the width ofsaid groove, a ring adapted to fit into said groove and hold said platesin position in said slots, and means to rigidly secure said ring to saidWheel.

7. In a motion picture nlm television transmitting apparatus, a drivingsprocket for said film adapted to introduce the nlm into said machine, asecond driving sprocket for said film adapted to draw said nlm throughsaid vmachine and acting as the only drawing means therefor, means tocontrol the rotation of said second sprocket so as to maintain the speedthereof at a very constant rate and prevent variations of the drivingforce from affecting the speed of the film, means to scan the lm intransverse lines as it passes through said machine, means to translate asound track on said film into a series of electrical impulses, saidsound track translating means being adjacent to said second sprocket andthere being a loop in said lm between said picture scanning means andsaid iirst sprocket, and means to adjust the relative position of saidlm With respect to said picture scanning means without affecting thespeed of said iilm passing said sound track translating means.

8. In a motion picture film television apparatus a picture scanningdevice, a sound reproducing device, single means to draw the film at aconstant uniform speed past said devices, a roller over Which said lilmpasses in going from said picture scanning device to said soundtranslating device, and means to adjust the position of said roller soas to change the position of said lm With respect to said picturescanning device Without disturbing the speed of the iilm past saidtranslating device.

9.' In a motion picture nlm television transmitting apparatus thecombination of a scanning device comprising means to scan the pictureportion of the lm in successive lines, means to translate said scannedlines into electrical impulses, means to translate the sound track ofsaid lm into electrical impulses, single rotatable means to draw saidfilm through said apparatus, an inertia member rigidly attached to saidlast mentioned means and adapted to rotate With it, resilient means todrive said inertia member at a substantially constant speed, meansadjacent said sound translating means to retard the free movement ofsaid nlm, and means to adjust the relative position of said filmscanning device with respect to said nlm while said apparatus is inoperation.

10. In a motion picture lm television transmitting apparatus thecombination of a scanning device comprising means to scan the pictureportion of the film in successive lines, means to translate said scannedlines into electrical impulses, means to translate the sound track ofsaid lm into electrical impulses, single rotatable means to draw saidi'ilm through said apparatus, an inertia member rigidly attached to saidlast mentioned means and adapted to rotate with it, resilient means todrive said inertia member at a substantially constant speed, meansadjacent said sound translating means to retard the free movement ofsaid film, means to adjust the relative position of said nlm withrespect to said picture scanning means, and mean to adjust the relativeposition of said lm scanning device with respect to said nlm While saidapparatus is in operation ARNO ZILLGER.

